Western Massasauga rATTLESNAKESistrurus tergeminus
VENOMOUS 
Photo: Anthony Berardi
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Map accurate as of 11/15/2022
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Identification:
Distribution: This snake exists in the Southeastern region of Colorado at elevations below roughly 5,500 feet (1,675m). The range of the Western massasauga in Colorado appears to be significantly disjunct from populations in neighboring states of New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Kansas.
(Hammerson, 1999) Activity: In Colorado, the Western massasauga is usually active from mid-April through late October, though can extend slightly if temperatures allow. This species is cathemeral, with Spring and Fall activity taking place during the day while around dusk and into the night during Summer months. Western massasaugas are unique in that they exhibit migrational behavior between summer and winter habitats and have much larger home ranges than massasaugas in eastern North America (Hammerson, 1999). Primarily found at temperatures between 57-86 degrees Fahrenheit (14-25 degrees Celsius), per Hammerson (1999).
Conservation Status: Designated as a non-game species in Colorado. Although the Western massasauga has a limited range in Colorado, it can be locally common in some areas. Threats to this snake include habitat loss and road mortality, though it should remain secure so long as drastic changes do not occur in its range.
NatureServe rank: G3 (Globally Vulnerable), S2 (State Imperiled). |
Habitat: In Colorado, habitat for Western massasaugas consists of dry plains grassland and sandhill areas (Hammerson 1999). Their range is likely limited due to agricultural practices and the presence of mesas and canyons at the southern end of their range.
Diet: An opportunistic feeder, the Western massasauga is known to feed on a variety of animals. “In Colorado, young massasaugas generally eat lizards and add rodents to the diet as they grow larger” (Hammerson, 1999). Other prey items include frogs, toads, snakes, small rodents, centipedes, and occasionally scavenged roadkill. (Hammerson 1999)
Defense: Western massasaugas use their characteristic rattle to warn off predators, and use its venomous bite in defense when disturbed. (Hammerson 1999)
Natural Predators: Predators of this snake include “... various carnivorous mammals, hawks, racers and coachwhips”. (Hammerson 1999)
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Cited & Additional Resources
Hammerson G. A. 1999. Amphibians and Reptiles in Colorado. University Press Colorado, Boulder.
Hammerson G. A. 1999. Amphibians and Reptiles in Colorado. University Press Colorado, Boulder.
Account compiled by: Hayden Lewis
Reviewed by:
Last Updated: 1/30/2023 by Anthony Berardi
Reviewed by:
Last Updated: 1/30/2023 by Anthony Berardi
